What is document archiving?

Document management and archiving: Best practices

Proper document management and archiving is fundamental to preserving institutional knowledge and maintaining regulatory compliance. By adopting the following best practices, your organisation can take meaningful steps toward streamlining information workflows, reducing costs, and mitigating risks associated with poor record-keeping.

Assess what to archive and why

Before implementing any archiving solution or archiving services, thoroughly inventory your digital files and physical documents to determine their business value. Identify which records support critical business functions, satisfy regulatory requirements, or preserve institutional knowledge. Involve stakeholders across departments to ensure that all essential information is properly maintained.

Establish retention schedules

Develop clear, documented policies that specify how long each type of record or document type should be retained before disposal. These retention schedules should comply with industry regulations, legal requirements, and your organisation’s operational needs. Assign responsibility for monitoring these schedules, ensuring consistent application throughout the organisation. Moreover, regularly review and update your retention policies to adapt to changing regulations and business priorities while maintaining an efficient data archiving system.

Remove unnecessary files

Regularly remove inactive documents that have exceeded their retention periods and no longer serve a business purpose, freeing up document storage. Systematically eliminating these outdated materials helps prevent unnecessary storage costs associated with hard copy documents and reduces the risk of data breaches involving sensitive information. It is critical to securely destroy physical or digital files past their retention periods to manage organisational risk—including legal liability, reputational damage, and non-compliance with regulatory standards. Develop secure destruction procedures that protect confidential information and align with information governance principles. Maintain detailed logs of purged materials to demonstrate regulatory compliance and provide a clear audit trail for document archiving and destruction activities.

Organise and index with metadata

Apply comprehensive metadata tagging to archived documents to facilitate efficient retrieval and establish meaningful relationships among related files. Your metadata framework should include standardised elements (i.e., creation dates, document types, departments, and subject classifications) while allowing for custom fields that address your organisation’s specific information management needs. These robust metadata practices also lay the groundwork for effective security and compliance measures within a document management system.

Implement access controls

Design and implement appropriate security measures to protect sensitive information while ensuring that authorised users can access archived documents, as needed. Multi-level permission structures keep confidential materials secure without creating unnecessary barriers to legitimate information retrieval.

Ensuring long-term electronic document preservation: 7 strategies

Adopting a consistent and proactive approach to digital preservation can help organisations maintain reliable, accessible archives over time.

1. Use standardised file formats

   Use standardised file formats to ensure long-term access to your digital documents and electronic records. These widely recognised formats are stable and more likely to remain compatible with future archiving software. PDF/A, TIFF, and plain text are common options because they do not rely on proprietary features or extensions. Their stability preserves content integrity, reduces data corruption risk, and keeps important documents accessible for research and reference.

2. Implement version control and change tracking

   Version control systems record every change made to a document. They prevent confusion caused by overlapping edits and accidental overwrites. They also maintain a clear revision history that identifies when and why each update occurred. In collaborative environments, version control promotes accountability and preserves valuable context. Moreover, automated change tracking ensures the archival record remains complete, accurate, and transparent throughout a document’s lifecycle.

3. Adopt multiple redundant storage locations

   Distributing archived documents across multiple storage locations protects them from data loss caused by hardware failure, cyberattacks, or natural disasters. Redundant backups can exist on secure cloud platforms, local servers, or offline media. Consistent replication schedules further reduce the risk of permanent damage. Diversifying data storage enhances document integrity and mitigates costly recovery efforts.

4. Apply regular data integrity checks (fixity checks)

   Perform regular data integrity checks — also known as fixity checks — to detect corruption or tampering in archived documents. Use checksums, such as MD5 or SHA-256, to confirm that stored files match their original states. Investigate potential hardware failures or unauthorised modifications if discrepancies appear. Moreover, schedule these checks on a recurring basis and log the results for analysis.

5. Plan for format migration and conversion

   Digital formats can become obsolete as technology evolves. Plan for regular format migration to keep files accessible over time. Identify formats most vulnerable to compatibility issues, then schedule periodic evaluations to confirm continued viability. Convert ageing formats to modern alternatives before problems arise. Document each conversion step to preserve metadata and maintain transparency. Proactive migration safeguards the integrity and historical value of archived materials, minimising the risk of losing vital information.

6. Leverage trusted digital repositories or archiving platforms

   Choose recognised services that meet established standards, such as ISO certifications or other relevant benchmarks. Reputable repositories often include built-in security, redundancy, and ongoing maintenance to protect against data loss. They also perform frequent software and hardware updates, reducing the likelihood of compatibility issues. Evaluate platforms for reliability, support, and compliance with legal or regulatory requirements. Outsourcing to a trusted provider can lower operational costs, deliver specialised expertise, and streamline your archival process.

7. Conduct periodic risk assessments and test restores

   Regularly review archival systems to identify vulnerabilities and adapt strategies. Examine security logs, monitor hardware health, and evaluate data retrieval workflows. Schedule test restores to confirm that backups function properly during disruptions or disasters. Document and analyse test outcomes to pinpoint potential weaknesses. This proactive approach reveals issues before they become critical and ensures effective recovery. Validating the entire archival process fosters confidence in the ability to preserve and access essential records under any conditions.

Addressing the challenges of modern archiving with Iron Mountain

Corporate archives preserve vital institutional knowledge, capturing an organisation’s history, operations, and mission. However, as these collections expand in volume and value, resource constraints often impede efficient cataloguing, secure access, and effective utilisation.

With Iron Mountain, organisations consolidate fragmented archives into a secure, intelligent system bridging physical/digital storage with centralised visibility and scalable access — transforming scattered assets into actionable institutional knowledge.

Contact Iron Mountain to learn more.